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Today’s home buyers have a wide variety of low and no-down payment mortgage options.
Most lenders today offer a 3% down loan as an alternative to the “standard” 5% down programs. It’s great for home buyers with good credit but modest savings — or for buyers who want to make a small down payment so their money is not tied up in real estate. The requirements are:
- Credit score: 620
- Debt-to-Income (DTI): 43% maximum
- Private Mortgage Insurance: Required until you have 20% equity in the home
- Verifiable income and steady, two year work history
- Primary residence only
- At least one applicant must be a first-time home buyer (defined as a buyer who hasn’t owned a home in the past three years)
- No maximum income restrictions
- Down payment can come from cash on hand, gifts, or down payment assistant programs
- Mortgage can’t exceed the local conforming loan limits ($726K in Texas)
An FHA loan is a government-backed mortgage with looser financial requirements. You may qualify for an FHA loan if you have debt or a lower credit score. You can often get an FHA loan with a bankruptcy or other financial issue on your record.
- Down payment: 3.5% with a 580+ credit score. 10% down is required for scores from 500-579.
- Debt-to-Income (DTI): Standard is 43% but can go as high as 56.9% with compensating factors.
- An upfront mortgage insurance premium of 1.75% of the loan amount is required at closing but can be rolled into the loan principle.
- An annual mortgage insurance premium is required for the life of the loan when the down payment is less than 10%. The premium ranges from .15-.75% of the loan amount and is paid monthly as part of your mortgage payment.
- Primary residence only
- Verifiable income and steady, two-year work
- Mortgage can’t exceed the local conforming loan limits ($726K in Texas)
Home Ready and Home Possible are programs designed for credit-worthy, lower-income applicants. Freddie Mac backs home Possible, and HomeReady is backed by Fannie Mae. The main difference is the credit score requirement:
- Down payment: 1-3%.
- 100% of your down payment and closing costs can come from gifted funds or down payment assistance (DPA)
- Credit score: 620 for HomeReady, 660 for HomePossible.
- Income from non-borrowing occupants living in the home can be counted if they have lived in the household for at least a year.
- Household income cannot exceed 80% of the area’s median income.
- Debt-to-Income (DTI): 50% maximum
- Private Mortgage Insurance: Required until you have 20% equity in the home
- Primary residence only
- Verifiable income and steady, two year work
- Mortgage can’t exceed the local conforming loan limits ($726K in Texas)
- A 4-6 hour online homeownership course may be required.
While first-time home buyer loans with zero down exist, they’re primarily intended for select groups such as veterans and rural home buyers with moderate or low incomes. Most buyers are more likely to qualify for a low-down-payment mortgage rather than a zero-down loan.
VA Loans
Created specifically to help veterans become homeowners, VA loans offer more lenient requirements than conventional loans, along with lower interest rates and closing costs. This makes them an excellent option for any veteran, especially for first-time buyers who may need extra help entering a competitive housing market. Features include:
- No down payment
- No mortgage insurance
- Closing costs capped at 1%
- VA Funding fee required. The fee can be added to the loan amount
- Appraisals are more expensive
- Property must meet “minimum property requirements.”
USDA
A USDA home loan is a zero-down-payment mortgage for homebuyers in eligible towns and rural areas. The USDA Rural Development Guaranteed Housing Loan Program, a part of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, guarantees USDA loans. The program requires:
- The property must be located in an eligible, rural area with a population of less than 20,000 people
- Income is capped at 115% of the area median income
- Steady, verifiable two-year income
- Credit scores of 640+
- Debt-to-Income: 41% Maximum
- Primary residence only